Dehydration is a serious medical condition that occurs when your body loses more fluids than it takes in. Whether caused by intense heat, diarrhea, or vomiting, knowing how to make ORS at home can be the difference between a quick recovery and a hospital visit.
Understanding the Science of ORS
Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) work on the principle of sodium-glucose co-transport. In the small intestine, sodium and glucose are absorbed together. When you drink a solution with the correct ratio of salt and sugar, it triggers the body to pull water into the bloodstream through the intestinal wall much faster than plain water ever could.
Why You Can't Just Drink Plain Water
When you have severe diarrhea, your body loses electrolytes (salts). Drinking plain water can actually dilute the remaining electrolytes in your system, leading to a condition called hyponatremia. The sugar in ORS isn't just for taste; it is the "key" that unlocks the gut to absorb the salt and water.
The Official WHO Homemade ORS Recipe
The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF recommend a specific ratio for homemade rehydration. Precision is vital.
Ingredients Needed:
- 1 Litre of Clean Water: Boiled and cooled, or bottled.
- 6 Level Teaspoons of Sugar: Granulated white sugar is best.
- 1/2 Level Teaspoon of Salt: Standard table salt.
Step-by-Step Preparation
- Sanitize: Wash your hands and all containers with soap and clean water.
- Measure: Pour exactly 1 litre (about 5 cups) of water into a clean jug.
- Combine: Add the sugar first, then the salt.
- Dissolve: Stir or shake until the solution is completely clear.
How to Administer ORS by Age
The amount of ORS needed depends on the severity of dehydration and the age of the patient:
| Age Group | Recommended Dose |
|---|---|
| Infants (0-2 years) | 50-100ml after every loose stool (approx. 1/4 to 1/2 cup). |
| Children (2-10 years) | 100-200ml after every loose stool (approx. 1/2 to 1 cup). |
| Adults & Teens | Up to 2-3 litres per day; drink small sips constantly. |
3 Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using too much sugar: This can pull more water into the gut and make diarrhea worse.
- Adding flavorings: Do not add juice, soda, or honey to the mix as they change the chemical balance.
- Boiling the solution: If you need to boil water, do it *before* adding the salt and sugar. Boiling the finished solution can concentrate the ingredients too much.
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions
1. How long does homemade ORS last?
Once mixed, the solution should be covered and can be kept for up to 24 hours. After 24 hours, discard any remaining liquid and make a fresh batch to avoid bacterial growth.
2. Can I use brown sugar or honey?
It is highly recommended to use white granulated sugar. Honey should never be given to infants under 1 year old due to the risk of botulism.
3. What if the patient is vomiting?
Do not stop giving ORS. Wait 10 minutes after vomiting, then continue giving small sips (a teaspoon at a time) every 2-3 minutes.